TY - JOUR AU - El dahabi, Talal PY - 2022/09/30 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Higher schools in the state of Baghdad at the time of the Ottoman organizations (1839-1917) JF - Wisdom Journal For Studies & Research JA - Wisdom Journal VL - 2 IS - 5 SE - Articles DO - 10.55165/wjfsar.v2i5.154 UR - https://uojawjournals.education/index.php/jwrs/article/view/154 SP - 34-49 AB - <p>During the Ottoman organizations period, all the states of the Ottoman Empire witnessed a struggle in the reform of educational institutions, during which the Ottomans used the European model in all administrative aspects. Moreover, Baghdad witnessed a significant increase in the opening of educational institutions for all levels of education, including high schools and universities, albeit to a lesser extent than other Arab states such as Beirut or Syria.</p><p>Sultan Abd al-Hamid II had a great role in developing this reform and during his reign the modernization movement witnessed a rush in spite of the problems and disturbances that were afflicting the Ottoman Empire at the time. These universities aimed to graduate a group of elites in all fields, such as law, medicine and engineering, according to the highest standards.</p><p>&nbsp;</p> ER -